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Vitalik Buterin discusses the development of Ethereum: POS runs stably, L2 still needs improvement, future upgrade plans revealed.
Vitalik Buterin Depth Interview: Current Status and Future Plans of Ethereum
On April 7, 2025, DappLearning community founder Yan conducted a Chinese interview with Vitalik Buterin in Hong Kong. The following are the key points of the interview:
POS Upgrade and Network Security
Vitalik believes that the price of ETH is unrelated to the consensus mechanism and is more dependent on ecological applications. POS operates stably, but more applications that provide long-term value to ETH holders are needed.
Regarding the PBS architecture, Vitalik stated that this is a complex philosophical issue. The construction and verification of blocks are no longer symmetrical; the verification cost has decreased, but the construction cost has increased. Mechanisms need to be designed to prevent supernodes from malicious behavior, such as 51% attacks and transaction censorship.
Development of Layer 1 and Layer 2
Vitalik believes that L2 still needs improvement in terms of security and interoperability. L1 still plays an important role, such as storage proofs, cross-chain bridges, etc. Some high-value applications like DeFi are more suitable to run on L1.
Future plans aim to enhance L1 scalability through various solutions, such as delayed execution, block-level access lists, etc., with an expected increase in Gas limit by 10 times.
Network Upgrade Plan
The Pectra upgrade is planned for the end of this month, and the Fusaka upgrade is scheduled for Q3 or Q4. Measures are being taken to improve coordination efficiency and accelerate the upgrade pace.
Cryptography and AI Development
Vitalik is optimistic about applications of cryptography such as FHE, but he is concerned about the centralization risks of solutions like MPC. Regarding AI, he believes it may narrow the gap between experts and novices, creating a "levelling" effect.
Suggestions for Developers
Vitalik encourages developers to seize the opportunity to create applications with real value and sustainable business models, avoiding two extremes - overly idealistic but unused, or purely speculative applications.
Vitalik is confident about the future development of Ethereum and hopes to realize the vision of a "world computer" soon.